ReferencingEvery time you draw upon an author's ideas you must credit that author by providing a reference. Referencing illustrates to your lecturers that you have engaged with the most relevant literature, used credible sources and enables them to locate the original source whether these are books, journal or newspaper articles, government reports, or websites.
Harvard (author-date) styleHarvard referencing is the style of referencing that is used at ARU that dictates the format of your references. There are variations of the Harvard style and at ARU we use Cite Them Right (online guide) (click on Log In, Login via your institution, find and select Anglia Ruskin University to access).
Harvard referencing consists of two elements. You will need to include both of these in your academic work. These two elements are in-text citations and detailed references. Both of these elements together are known as referencing.
Many books and articles you read will use Harvard Referencing or a variation. You can see the in-text citation and matching reference list in nearly all academic work, so reading will help you familiarise yourself with academic writing and referencing.
In-text citationsEach time you refer to someone else’s work in your assignment, you need to include the author’s surname/family name and the date of their work within your text at the point where you discuss their ideas.
This video gives a clear explanation of in-text citations with good visual examples:
When writing you will paraphrase, summarise or quote the author's ideas. You'll also use synthesising to combine more than one source.
Paraphrases and quotes should also include page numbers when available, e.g. Falk (2019, p. 10).
A citation may be direct (you have mentioned the author in your sentence) or indirect (you have not mentioned the author in your sentence).
Direct example: Falk (2019) classifies bees into six families.
Indirect example: Bees can be classified in numerous ways from one to nine families (Falk, 2019).
Further examples are shown in Citing References in the Text (Word)
Setting out citations....(Cite Them Right) gives details of citing multiple authors, corporate authors, page numbers and citations with missing details. The guide also answers the commonly asked question: How do I reference a source quoted in another author's work (secondary referencing).
References (in Reference List or Bibliography)Full details for each work you have used, or cited, are given in the reference list at end of your assignment. The reference list is ordered alphabetically.
The author, date and title is required for each reference plus additional details depending on what type of source you have used e.g. book, article, website etc. Details required can be viewed in the Cite Them Right (online guide) and you can compile your own reference to copy and paste into your reference list. The Compiling your Harvard reference list (CTR) video demos this and gives you further timesaving tips.
Some examples of commonly referenced sources are given in the quick guide:
Cite Them RightAt ARU we use Cite Them Right Harvard style guide. Go to Log in, then Login via your institution, find and select Anglia Ruskin University for full access. Search for or browse to the type of source you want to reference and the guide will provide you with an example of both an in-text and full reference for that source.
Video overview of Cite Them Right:
Further helpRefworksRefworks is a system where you can save all your references and compile an automated reference list in the Cite Them Right Harvard referencing format. The Refworks at ARU video playlist contains 6 short video tutorials. Select Cite Them Right as your style while using Refworks.
Academic misconductReferencing helps you to avoid plagiarism, an academic offence where you present another person(s) ideas as your own without giving them credit. There are others forms of academic misconduct such as collusion and cheating. Section 10 of the Academic Regulations give full definitions and examples of the type of activities that constitute academic misconduct. The regulations also detail the processes in place at ARU when academic misconduct is suspected and the penalties given if proven.
You will be asked to complete an Academic Integrity Quiz as part of your course.